Measuring the curvature of a space takes parallel transport and the Riemann curvature tensor (General Relativity). Let's explore this using Flatland and Lineland, an old tool involving lower-dimensional spaces. Brilliant for 20% off: http://brilliant.org/ScienceAsylum
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS

The Ultimate Guide to Relativity:
https://youtu.be/FdWMM6aXpYE

What the HECK is a Tensor?!?
https://youtu.be/bpG3gqDM80w

How Elastic is the Fabric of the Universe?
https://youtu.be/DDwlDZidLSg
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RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS

PBS Space Time on Space Curvature:
https://youtu.be/D3GVVkPb3OI

Flatland by Carl Sagan:
https://youtu.be/N0WjV6MmCyM

Flatland by "What The Bleep?"
https://youtu.be/sEVEKL1Fbx0
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Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum

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http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html

Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
https://gumroad.com/l/ubSc

Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum/
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HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE PATRONS

Warden of the Asylum:
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Asylum Orderlies:
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Einsteinium Crazies:
Wacky, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ken Davis, LT Marshall, Ilya Yashin

Plutonium Crazies:
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Platinum Crazies:
Olga Cooperman, Kyle Bowles, Zein Kassim, Rick Dinning, Eugene Boone, Jon Adams, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Vittorio Monaco, Stephen Blinn, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Jonathan Reel
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OTHER SOURCES

http://www.physics.ucc.ie/apeer/PY4112/Curvature.pdf
https://web.stanford.edu/~oas/SI/SRGR/notes/SRGRLect8_2012.pdf
https://www.asc.ohio-state.edu/mathur.16/grsolprob3.pdf
http://www.physics.usu.edu/Wheeler/GenRel/Lectures/2Sphere.pdf
https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/grnotes/
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LINKS TO COMMENTS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDwlDZidLSg&lc=UgxQxbcX2bKf48i60oR4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDwlDZidLSg&lc=UgxYGriPCFHfKBa37OF4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDwlDZidLSg&lc=UgyakYv7jNKAaujfrWd4AaABAg
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IMAGE CREDITS

Earth by GOES-16:
https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/goes-16-color-composite-images